Auto insurance market in the United States of America, of course, is the largest in the world and offered it insurance products are extremely diverse. This is due to the fact that for many Americans, the automobile became the most common, and often the only means of transportation, and the fact that the car owners' liability insurance is mandatory. Car owner must have insurance for his vehicle licensing, management and renewal driver's license. In the U.S. there obschefederalnoy system regulation of the insurance industry, and each state performs these functions independently, so different and requirements for auto insurance.
Today, most auto insurance policies sold as a package of insurance services, covering insurance payments car owner and third parties. The following types of insurance coverage:• collision. Damages awarded against damage to the vehicle when the accident (collision with another car or object). This is usually the most expensive form of insurance. Pre-envisions a franchise, the size of which usually varies from 50 to 1000 dollars;• The total coverage. Damages awarded against damage to the car in all other cases, except as provided above, due to fire, theft, collisions with animals, of incidence of objects, earthquakes, floods, etc. This type of insurance, like the previous one, in almost all states is voluntary;• physical damage. Any damage caused to the health of persons affected by the accident through the fault motorist, including medical expenses and lost income. Is mandatory in most states;• damage to property. Refundable damage to property of third parties (car, fence, house, etc.) in a collision caused by the automobile owner. Is mandatory in most states;• medical expenses. Be reimbursed medical expenses, and on-ridge owner of the vehicle or its passengers, and sometimes - others. Is mandatory in some states;• personal injury ("personal injury protection", or "PIP"). This insurance is similar to the previous one, but it provides a wider range of costs. Coverage also includes the non-received income and collateral persons injured in the accident. As a rule, is required in states where insurance policies "without fault", which is discussed below;• uninsured / underinsured driver. Reimbursed medical expenses, lost income and pay non-economic (moral hazard) in a collision with a driver having no insurance coverage or having it in an insufficient amount. Protection afforded to the case when the driver of another car flee the scene. This type of insurance is also mandatory in many states.
Norm of compulsory insurance exist in virtually all American states, one-however its types and limits of liability may differ significantly. The differences are due to several factors: the saturation state of road, accident statistics, particularly civil law regulation.
Civil liability of car owners (responsible for physical and property damage to third parties) is the most common in the U.S. view of the mandatory auto insurance. Minimum limits of liability for physical harm to one victim can amount lyat from 10 thousand to 50 thousand dollars more - 15-25 thousand, according to property damage - from 5 thousand to 25 thousand dollars, in most cases - 10 thousand dollars in many states is also necessary to insure of medical expenses of the motorist. This is accomplished through such kinds of insurance as "non-insured drivers and the PIP.
In 13 states, auto insurance is based on insurance law, "without fault". Under insurance "without fault" means that every car owner receives compensation for damages from his insurer. This approach allows us to provide the minimum insurance cover at low prices, as well as reduce legal costs and loss of time, which is very important because, according to civil law the individual would be required to compensate the damage they have suffered only if he committed the offense or the degree of his guilt was more than the victim. As a consequence, for damages in court required careful investigation of all circumstances of the case, which is expensive and not always possible. Often, the costs for the parties are higher than the amount of damages.
To prevent the consideration of cases of minor damage in the courts, insurance "without fault" is used several approaches. First, set the minimum limit for the amounts recovered in the courts, such as 2 thousand dollars Smaller amounts are compensated directly by the insurer. Second, the limited types of damages, which are presented lawsuits. So may be stated that the court considers only cases involving "serious injury", which implies physical harm resulting in death or substantial loss of health. In some states, motorists are given the choice between the insurance industry "without fault" and traditional insurance.
As an example, consider a system of auto insurance in New Jersey, is-is one of the most difficult. Insurance Act "without fault" came into force on 1 January 1973 and underwent several changes later. The last of which came into force in 1999 in this state car drivers are obliged to choose one of two types of insurance policies. Basic policy - is a low-cost insurance policy that provides minimum insurance coverage. A standard policy provides a wide range of insurance coverage, some of which are absent in the underlying policy.
Under PIP insurance base and standard policy has a deductible.Its size can be 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and $ 2500 medical expenses above the deductible and up to 5 thousand dollars divided between the insurer and the insured in the following proportions: Insurer - 80%, the insured - 20%. Medical expenses over 5 thousand dollars paid by the insurer. Thus, depending on the amount of the excess of the insured maximum own costs could reach respectively 1200 (250 - the franchise, 950 - 20% payment of health expenditure), 1400, 1800, 2600 and $ 3000
By the standard policy within the framework of PIP insurance included an additional package of new insurance services, including: reimbursement of lost income up to $ 100 a week within a limit of 5,200 dollars, payment for additional services that the victim is usually performed make independently (house cleaning , clearing snow, laundry, etc.) to $ 12 per day within the limit in 4380 dollars, the payment in case of death of the victim, equated to the amount of lost revenue and additional services that would have been paid to him; burial expenses in the range of 1000 to $ policyholder may waive the additional package, and choose a higher level of insurance coverage.
To determine the reimbursement of medical expenses in the state of New Jersey established-mined special lists, which specify a maximum cost of each service. Accounts for more expensive medical services will not be paid. Recent changes in legislation provide for such purposes to use such forms as treatment protocols are typical of cases, the list of diagnostic tests, as well as a list of medical expenses that are considered "acceptable."Controversial issues relating to compensation for medical expenses may be directed to the special committee. Issues related to treatment, will thus be considered an independent medical institution.
Organization of car insurance in New Jersey provides for the formation of a special fund from which the compensation insurers of their expenditures on PIP, exceeding 75 thousand dollars In addition, using a mechanism called "risk sharing" and is intended to resolve these situations. The driver, the insurance policy which values of chitsya waiver from making a lawsuit may be at fault in a collision with a driver who has no such restrictions. In this case, the insurer is the first driver will have to indemnify the second driver, including non-economic. "Exchange Risk," will provide compensation insurer that part of its costs that are associated with non-economic damages. Funding carries out by means of a part of premiums paid for policies that have no restrictions on suing.
One of the most effective laws on insurance "without fault" is recognized as a state law Mi-chigan, adopted in 1973 by His distinctive features are: an unlimited indemnity metal-ditsinskih expenses, damages caused to property of third parties, up to 1 million dollars and the use of Approach "no-fault" insurance for the car from damage.
The basic package of PIP is valid for residents of Michigan for their movement by Terry trajectory not only States but also throughout the country, as well as Canada. Insurance Act, "no-fault" applies to all vehicles with more than two wheels. Bikes do not fall under its scope, but in an accident with a car rider would be reimbursed by insur-Niya PIP, which pays the insurer, insured car.
Insurers are required to offer three types of coverage. Standard collision - a type of insurance coverage, similar to those used in other states. According to it, provided compensation for losses due to partial damage or total loss a car beyond the franchise.
Two other types of insurance coverage are unique to Michigan.Broad collision differs from the standard fact that the franchise is not used if the insured "not guilty" in the accident. This type of coverage actually takes into account the guilty parties accident: in states with traditional car insurance deductible is valid if the insurer "guilty." If insurance Vatel "not guilty", then it must compensate for losses the insurer of "guilty" motorists without you-couple franchise.
Limited impact - it's a franchise without compensation if the policyholder is not the wine-vat. If he is "guilty" in the accident, the compensation shall not be granted. The cover of the covering is also able to reproduce the situation in the states that use a traditional insurance: the motorist in general may prefer not to purchase insurance, but he has the right to sue for damages to the driver, guilty of the accident.
Another feature of Michigan is the protection of small insurance companies from bankruptcy by paying out unlimited medical expenses. At the state level, a special association is the official state reinsurer, and it carries damages in excess of 250 thousand dollars
In Colorado, has fairly high level of payments for insurance PIP, that returns the NE-binding. PIP package includes the following coverage: medical expenses up to 50 thousand dollars in 5 years; rehabilitation services to 50 thousand dollars over 10 years, the revenues up to $ 400 a week for 52 weeks, and additional services to 25 dollars a day for 52 weeks and pay for lethal in the amount of $ 1000 per person. Of households with low income (less than 20 thousand dollars) may alternatively acquire basic policy providing for reimbursement of medical expenses up to 25 thousand dollars of lost revenue to 5 thousand dollars and paid in the event of death of 5 thousand dollars per person.
In order to stimulate motor insurance in many states to undertake special measures to reduce insurance costs. In some cases, reduction of premiums can be directly prescribed by law. For example, in Hawaii, the minimum requirements of compulsory motor insurance include: PIP of $ 10 thousand dollars, the physical damage amounting to 20 thousand dollars per person (40 thousand for one insured event) and property damage amounting to 10 thousand dollars These requirements came into force in 1998, when insurers were ordered to reduce prices to the Fox with the minimum limits required by 20-35%, which is able to do all insurers licensed to automobile insurance in this state.
Compulsory insurance, as emphasized by experts in this field, does not purport to meet the specific needs of each motorist in insurance protection. To be protected, car owners often require additional voluntary insurance for a greater number of risks and in a larger size. For example, for physical damage experts have recommended coverage of 100 thousand dollars per person and 300 thousand for one insured event. The effectiveness of compulsory motor insurance indicates a long experience of the meeting: in many states the relevant laws were passed decades ago.
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